The Black Cinema Collection highlights famous and rare movie titles dating back as early as 1923. Prior to 1920, barriers stood in the way of African Americans wanting to be a part of the film industry. Any films that did showcase African Americans were in a negative light by creating stereotypical and derogatory roles. There were independent producers who made their own films, known as ‘race films’ for segregated audiences. A number of those created by African American filmmakers during that time were destroyed and no record can be found of them today. There are a few names, along with surviving material, that honor those who broke down the barriers for African Americans in the industry. Oscar Micheaux was the country’s first black filmmaker. He started his own film and book publishing company after being denied the opportunity to be involved in the film production of his book he wrote in 1913. Micheaux’s released his first film starring an all black cast in 1919. He produced 44 films during his career that showcased realistic plights of African Americans, such as racial injustice. Richard Norman, a white man, is credited for being one of the few filmmakers who tested the racial barriers in the industry. He, too, created race films and used all-black casts to push the agenda of showcasing African Americans in a more positive light. He is the founder of Norman Film Manufacturing Company in Jacksonville, Florida, also known as Norman Studios. Nina Rae McKinny, Harry Belafonte, Sidney Potier and among the few names of well-known African American actors and actresses. During a time when many African Americans weren't given a chance in Hollywood, these names paved the way so that other actors and actresses could have an opportunity. All of those who contributed to black cinema created a legacy that thrives today.